ATMEGA328P Microcontroller IC

The ATMEGA328P (P stands for Pico power ) is the low power modern versionCMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. 8-bit means the processor uses an 8-bit register, which can handle 2^8 or 256 data values, which seems low for todays standards. However, the higher the bit count and processing speed, the more power consumption the processor uses, hence, why microcontrollers are a favorablechoice for low-power solutions.ATMEGA328P consists of32 KB ISP flash memorywith read-while-write capabilities,2KB SRAM(Static RAM),1 KB of EEPROM,23 general-purpose I/O pins, a16MHz clock, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes (two 8 bits and one 16 bit), internal and external interrupts, serial programmable UART, a byte-oriented I2C (inter-integrated circuit) interface pins, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit Analog to Digital converter, programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, and five software selectable power saving modes. The device operates between a voltage range of 1.8-5.5 volts.
This AVR controller also used in Arduino boards. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega328P achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.
The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers.The ATmega328P-PU AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system development tools including C Compilers, Macro Assemblers, Program Debugger/Simulators, In-Circuit Emulators, and Evaluation kits.

Features

• 131 Instructions most of which are executed in a single clock cycle
  
• Up to 20 MIPS throughput at 20 MHz
  
• 32 x 8 working registers
  
• 2 cycle multiplier
  

Memory Includes

• 32KB of programmable FLASH
  
• 1KB of EEPROM
  
• 2KB SRAM
  
• 10,000 Write and Erase Cycles for Flash and 100,000 for EEPROM
  
• Data retention for 20 years at 85C and 100 years at 25C
  
• Optional boot loader with lock bits
  
• In System Programming (ISP) by via boot loader
  
• True Read-While-Write operation
  
• Programming lock available for software security
  

I/O and Package

• 23 programmable I/O lines
  
• 28 pin PDIP package
  

Operating voltage:1.8 – 5.5VOperating temperature range:40C to 85CSpeed Grades:

• 0-4 MHz at 1.8-5.5V
  
• 0-10 MHz at 2.7-5.5V
  
• 0-20 MHz at 4.5-5.5V
  

Low power consumption mode at 1.8V, 1 MHz and 25C:

• Active Mode: 0.3 mA
  
• Power-down Mode: 0.1 A
  
• Power-save Mode: 0.8 A (Including 32 kHz RTC)

Specification