The 28BYJ-48 is a 4-phase, 5-wire unipolar stepper motor that operates on 5V. What makes this motor special is its internal 64:1 gear reduction unit. This means that while the motor is small, it provides surprisingly high torque, making it capable of moving actual loads like levers, small gates, or sensor platforms. It is designed to work seamlessly with the ULN2003 Driver Board, making it one of the easiest stepper motors to interface with an Arduino, ESP32, or Raspberry Pi.
Geared Precision: The 64:1 gear ratio provides high torque and holds its position firmly when powered.
5V Native Support: Runs directly off the 5V pin of most microcontrollers (though a separate power source is recommended for multiple motors).
4-Phase Control: Allows for half-step and full-step sequences for ultra-smooth rotation.
Quiet Operation: Unlike larger NEMA motors, the 28BYJ-48 is nearly silent during operation.
Plug-and-Play: Usually comes with a 5-pin XH-2.54 connector that snaps directly into a ULN2003 driver.
| Feature | Specification |
| Model | 28BYJ-48 |
| Rated Voltage | 5V DC |
| Number of Phases | 4-Phase / 5-Wire |
| Gear Reduction Ratio | 64:1 |
| Step Angle (Internal) | 5.625 / 64 |
| Steps Per Revolution | 4096 (in Half-Step mode) |
| Pull-in Torque | >300 gf.cm (at 100Hz) |
| Insulation Resistance | >10M |
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